From Voice ~ Topics: graphic design, professional development, web design

Web Design as Foreign Language

I know around 650 French words, plus a score of English ones that can be made to sound French. While certainly not enough to understand Buñuel’s The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie without subtitles, given my ability to make some sentences out of the words that I know, I can have a primitive conversation in a pinch.

When it comes to design, I once had a real tussle with language when, as part of a consulting job, I had to interview applicants for a critical web design position, for which not only was my high school French inadequate, but all the years I’ve spent working as a print designer—and therefore mastering the idiomatic speech of the trade—were useless.

I may have an iMac on my desk, but when it comes to the web, I know how to use a search engine, and that’s about it. Given that the new digital design language is so foreign, I feel like a stranger in my own land. Never before in the history of modern graphic design—at least since Gutenberg—has our common language changed so rapidly and radically, to the point of being downright exclusionary for those of us who have never read (or are incapable of using) a user’s manual. Forget those silly semantic distinctions between commercial art and graphic design that crop up at design conferences—this is where the real divide lives. I really had no idea before talking with my first applicant that to speak, understand and otherwise intelligently interview a web designer—no less an information architect—I couldn’t bluff my way through by knowing just a few key terms. N’est-ce pas? Rather I needed to form meaningful sentences. Zut alors! I needed a Berlitz guide to fathom just the basics of this new language.

Of course this isn’t exclusive to design. Other professions are laden with technical verbiage. But I’m not in another profession—in fact, I entered this one because it was bozo-friendly. Therefore, it is frustrating that the graphic design vocabulary has changed so quickly from being essentially accessible English to techno-ese, to ethnographic-ese.

Nevertheless, I had a job to do: I had to judge the suitability of more than 10 applicants for a job whose fundamental parameters I understood but where the measure for making the determination was beyond my ken. So in a nightmarish state, after three interviews during which I sat behind my desk, virtually speechless and nodding uncontrollably, I requested that a translator be present. And it was a good thing too!

If I had known the language I could have asked the pertinent questions that had bearing on the applicant’s competency. Instead I stuck to basics: “You make webpages, do you?” Fortunately, my fluent translator did the major questioning, and ultimately had the good sense to take over the entire procedure. I sat there, as though listening to Radio Moscow for all I knew, attempting to follow each conversations. On the surface, all the applicants seemed to know what they were talking about, but how could I tell?

Being incapable of conducting the interviews was not, however, as much of a problem as being totally surprised by the developments that have revolutionized design and visual communications right under my nose. Where had I been for the past few years? Was I asleep under a workstation? What bothered me even more was learning that other former print designers with whom I have frequent contact could actually speak and understand this language. How could I be so ignorant to what was going on?

Yet rather than rush to enroll in a class or hire a tutor, my response to this professional crisis turned out to be not unlike my time spent in high school French class—stubborn intransigence. As a high school student I felt dwarfed by my schoolmates who surpassed me. Their successes forced me to remain in French 1 until I had mastered the course. I would not leave until I was certain I could pass French 2 with ease. Yet upon being graduated, after four years of French 1, my highest mark was a C+. Today, I still resent my friends who found it so easy to learn and speak French and other languages so well. Similarly, I feel dwarfed by all those young designers who speak the new digital language so fluently.

“I wouldn’t be a member of your club, even if you begged me,” I said in frustration, several years back. Well, I’m not so adamant now, but I haven’t gotten any invitations. I realize that the design world has changed so radically that not knowing this language is like not speaking Spanish in Miami Beach. So, what I need is help. Is it too late to learn a new language? Is it too late to learn a new culture? Both are needed to survive in this new world. It’s not enough to hire a translator—these days they’re pretty expensive, anyway—it’s important to have some degree of fluency, even if it is only equivalent to a sixth-grade spelling level (in fact, sixth graders already know how to make websites). The first thing I want to know is how to speak the basic language; the next thing is how to make complete sentences. And the third thing is how to think for the screen the way I think for the printed page. The biggest question is, can I do it?


About the Author: Steven Heller, co-chair of the Designer as Author MFA and co-founder of the MFA in Design Criticism at School of Visual Arts, is the author of Merz to Emigre and Beyond: Avant Garde Magazine Design of the Twentieth Century (Phaidon Press), Iron Fists: Branding the Totalitarian State (Phaidon Press) and most recently Design Disasters: Great Designers, Fabulous Failure, and Lessons Learned (Allworth Press). He is also the co-author of New Vintage Type (Thames & Hudson), Becoming a Digital Designer (John Wiley & Co.), Teaching Motion Design (Allworth Press) and more. www.hellerbooks.com

  1. link to this comment by Erik Rodne Wed Jan 28, 2009

    You can join my club! Heck, I'd teach you for free in return for your sage-like wisdom and a couple of signed books. You can totally do it, I believe in you. You are Steven *!#@'n Heller man!

  2. link to this comment by Christopher DeLorenzo Wed Jan 28, 2009

    You can do it!
    You can learn a new language before visiting a new country but you will still sound like a tourist. With the web, it depends on what kind of accent you want to have. What part of the country you want to be from, and who are the people you want to talk to? What side of the web do you want to know?

  3. link to this comment by Alan Bucknam Wed Jan 28, 2009

    Start with the basics.

    Start small.

    Incorporate theory (information architecture, user interface) with technique (xhtml, css).

    Ask questions.

    Don't try to be an expert at everything.

  4. link to this comment by Michael Browers Thu Jan 29, 2009

    Increasingly, our industry is gravitating towards designers not limited to one mode of communication.

  5. link to this comment by Gary R Boodhoo Thu Jan 29, 2009

    >> how to think for the screen the way I think for the printed page

    would strongly advise against doing so Stephen. I fall into this trap from time to time myself, and each time it comes down to thinking in physical terms like "overlapping", "real estate", when in fact I should be thinking in terms of states & modes. The web isn't print, every attempt to make it so cheapens both mediums.

  6. link to this comment by pauline Thu Jan 29, 2009

    Oh Steven - how I empathize - I write this as I sit in a Web Development 1 class and find myself at the crest of complete boredom coupled with a complete lack of comprehension. After 20 years of print design, I feel a compulsion that I must not give up and pursue fluency, I agree wholeheartedly with your article, but at this point, I would rather be back in high school French! Au revoir et bonne chance!

  7. link to this comment by Scott Lerman Sat Jan 31, 2009

    Steve, I bet I know why you got a C+ (at best) in French. The teacher set out to teach you vocabulary and grammar--a kind of technical code. While many people do just fine with that approach, others fail. What they often need is immersion in a place, in culture to become fluent. Look--some people pull out a Schaedler rule to find the center of a piece of paper; others just fold it in half.

    I suggest you start with a modified version of your third step and learn how to think about the site (not page) as a compelling and involving destination. IMHO (there's jargon everywhere!) the best way to do that is to talk with people that are passionate about the potential of websites to guide people on an individualized path, host a sustained dialog, and reach global communities. Personally, I think it is far easier to master the grammar and vocabulary when it is liked to something you understand and desire. This time go for the A!

  8. link to this comment by Michael Swaine Sat Jan 31, 2009

    I can appreciate your dilemma. I too have suffered digital-speak uncertainties. However, I find keeping up with the language less a task than keeping up with the meaning and understanding of which they speak. This is not a subtle distinction. It is one thing to converse in digital-speak, it is quite another to understand the intricacies of what is being discussed and, as in your experience, to have a fine tunes BS meter. In this effort I have found a somewhat unsatisfactory path that allows me to design and leave the deep techno-stuff to more left brained geeks. But there is a certain emptiness in this method.

  9. link to this comment by Gabe Weinberg Tue Feb 03, 2009

    I disagree with what Gary R Boodhoo said:

    ">> how to think for the screen the way I think for the printed page

    would strongly advise against doing so Stephen. I fall into this trap from time to time myself, and each time it comes down to thinking in physical terms like "overlapping", "real estate", when in fact I should be thinking in terms of states & modes. The web isn't print, every attempt to make it so cheapens both mediums."

    I think that the best thing to happen to the web is a print desginer's approach. Integrating design with business works extremely well because it's a different perspective. The designer's perspective on something as technical as the web is no exception---creativity with layout, typography, and interactivity is priceless.

    Being a print designer and emerging into the digital world has absolutely had its challenges, but our developer has quickly become an integral part of our team who I work very closely with. She knows a lot of digi-speak too.

  10. link to this comment by Keith Instone Tue Feb 03, 2009

    You could hang out with us information architects for a few days at the IA Summit - http://iasummit.org/2009/ - I learned more German in 1 month in Frankfurt than several years in the states. Immerse yourself!

  11. link to this comment by Paul Godfrey Wed Feb 04, 2009

    80% of print designers will never be able to make the transition. They might one day be mediocre but they will never be great. It is an entirely different medium.

  12. link to this comment by Erik Ramirez Wed Feb 04, 2009

    Anybody know of any good books or other resources that could help me take these first baby steps? Great article; very relevant!

  13. link to this comment by Gabe Weinberg Wed Feb 04, 2009

    I disagree with you Paul.

    >>80% of print designers will never be able to make the transition. They might one day be mediocre but they will never be great. It is an entirely different medium.<<

    Is it not the responsibility of a designer to apply a message across media? You have a grim outlook on the capability of designers. Where did you get that statistic anyway? Were all of the designers that had to adapt to the computer doomed to live a life of ignorance? I have faith that the designer can be involved in any profession they choose, simply because of a valuably different perspective. So learning new vocabulary terms seems simple in my opinion.

  14. link to this comment by Ed Longstone Thu Feb 05, 2009

    I don't believe the medium is the problem but the industry is.

    Interestingly, I find myself in the opposite predicament.
    I have worked as as web designer for the last 7 years. After graduating with a Graphic Design degree i found myself being pushed towards web, as the work was easier to find for a junior. Now in my early thirties i would love to work in the print design industry but find it hard for anyone to give you the opportunity.

    I have a fairly senior position and would not care about dropping to a mid-level (even junior) to get into the right studio.

    I even interviewed with and have asked those people that i know in advertising agencies (with digital capabilities) if going to work there would allow me eventually change sides to print, the answer is a resounding NO.

    What I find is that digital studios think graphic designers don't understand the radical and ever-changing medium and graphic design studios (correct me if I'm wrong) think of web designers as their less creative and less skilled (even less worthy) counterparts.

    No matter what anyone says, good design is good design. Limitations and advantages surrounding each medium can be learnt fairly quickly.

    So I do believe any designer can change mediums. The problem is, will the respective industry dinosaurs allow you to.

    From my part I am happy to share any info on my side of the spectrum in exchange (or not) of print designer experience. Lets us all live in a world that strives for one thing no matter the medium. Great Design.

  15. link to this comment by donna Tracy, Los Angeles Thu Feb 05, 2009

    Steve,

    I disagree with Paul here. And, find this topic to be very valuable as I am in the process of building my first website showcasing my work and methods. As Milton Glaser states in his UTube video interview…that no matter how old you are that you must look at the world and design as if it was your first project. Milton states; ”The possibilities for learning never disappears and we basically never learn it.”

    Alan Buckham above here makes a great point of starting out small.
    I like this idea to start and discover the possibilities along the way.

    The life of a designer is always changing and it is interesting to find ourselves with so much opportunity. Even in today’s times when we are faced with economic challenges that returning to learning is a great time to learn a new medium such as designing in this new world of rich content and media.


    Donna

  16. link to this comment by R Fri Feb 06, 2009

    Hello Everyone,

    I go by the name 'R'. I am initiating a program something similar to a grassroots movement.We will form a major community where, we our guild can share our ideas,innovate together, build huge companies, and think about how to change the world.How to make it a better place.We will use all our collaborative resources to achieve this.This will go down in history.This is the defining moment.We need many web page designers,artists,programmers of all fields.So, Anyone willing to participate and volunteer,
    Please send me an email to
    ImpulzoArts@gmail.com We will be fast and efficient.Thank you.

  17. link to this comment by Gunnar Swanson Fri Feb 06, 2009

    Steve,

    One of the problems of learning a new language is the assumption that languages are all just different codes for the same information. The big step isn't learning some phrases so you can translate "11/14 Bodoni medium flush justified on a 10 pica measure" into web-ese. The cultural baggage of one language will often obscure the meaning of another.

    One example: I know that you were being flip by identifying "the basics" as “You make webpages, do you?” but the question represents more than just not having the facility that one might develop in high school French. Bringing that back to your sphere of expertise, it would be accurate to say that a writer or editor makes paragraphs but that would seem to beside the point. Graphic designers (of the print tradition) often think in terms of singular, stable objects. That's more of a cultural mistake than a simple vocabulary-and-phrase translation problem.

    Even the phrase "web page" is a persistent mistranslation of a screen experience into a piece of a printed paper product language.

  18. link to this comment by Mark Fri Feb 06, 2009

    I have to agree with Ed...

    >>Is it not the responsibility of a designer to apply a message across media? >I think that the best thing to happen to the web is a print desginer's approach. Integrating design with business works extremely well because it's a different perspective. The designer's perspective on something as technical as the web is no exception---creativity with layout, typography, and interactivity is priceless.<<

    Again, we are messengers that must deliver. That is the only thing that matters...not just good design, pretty fonts and easily used websites. All these come together to deliver the message. You don't necessarily need to speak the language to get your point across.

    Great article.

    Mark

  19. link to this comment by Susan Fitzgerald Sat Feb 07, 2009

    Oh the fun you'll have!

    I send encouragement to you to jump right in. All those human connections designers are aiming at come alive on the web and the print format is the kind of like a dasboard.

    Welcome!

  20. link to this comment by Ferris Mon Feb 09, 2009

    If you like to dance or cook, you can do it!

    My research has indicated a distinct difference in gathering information from the digital screen and print. The aesthetics and visual hierarchies are different. Let it not scare you. If you like to cook with new ingredients or dance to different kinds of music, you can do it!

    Stefano, just have somebody write a basic recipe for you. Label your program's window with ingredients and start cooking. You'll have to keep tasting, but it will be delicious once you get there. A good start would be using one of the visual guides that actually have photos of where you can find things on Dreamweaver. Several universities have simple HTML directions for students who want to develop web sites. You can access them through any search engine.

    It's really worthwhile. The technology and programs are changing but once you get the basics down, you can at least get a good page on the web.
    It's about a world of ease, rapidity, curiosity and human connections.
    However, with students, the world of telecommunications has over-
    shadowed the web for communication.

  21. link to this comment by Steven Tue Feb 10, 2009

    Steven...I feel your pain. I am at the same point.

    As all this well-intended (except for that one guy) posting shows there's lots of sincere suggestions on how to think differently about design but a general lack of consistent sources for learning. I'm talking post-grad choices.

    Up till now I worked with programmers to design sites but that won't cut it anymore.

    I wish AIGA had something to help guide seasoned designers through this stuff.

    For now I'm trying Lynda.com (html,xhtml, dw, fw and then the flash de resistance, then maybe some classes with humans (not sure where, noble, f.i.t...) along with some web design work so I don't lose it before I use it.

    But then again there's always winemaking!

  22. link to this comment by Kellis Landrum Wed Feb 11, 2009

    If you want to learn how to design for the web you can go a very long way with a little HTML and CSS.

    Interactive development is much, much easier than design for one reason. Development is based on a predefined set of rules and creative work is not.

    Creative work involves making something that does not currently exist. HTML is all predefined and you can only do a limited number of things with it. It's so contained in fact, that it barely qualifies as a "language".

    As far as interactive design goes, once you understand HTML, CSS is not a huge step forward and you use it to style (design) almost everything on the web.

    If you're looking for a good place to start learning the basics, check out w3schools. This is reference every developer I know uses-
    http://www.w3schools.com/css/default.asp

    If you want to get some practice actually using HTML everyday, I recommend starting a blog. This has easy tools to help you publish, and you can look and the code that's being published and learn how to work with it-
    http://wordpress.com/
    https://www.blogger.com/start

    As far as Information Architecture goes, this is where the web needs a good designers the most. Since 90% of interaction is typographically driven, the web is in desperate need of people who understand typography.

    Information Architects usually come from either development or project management backgrounds and tend to be the top decision makers on interactive projects. This becomes the equivalent of a printer having the final say on a print project and goes along way toward explaining why so many large scale sites are both difficult to use and lack visual sophistication.

  23. link to this comment by Karen Player Fri Feb 13, 2009

    I think good design skills transcend the medium.

    Sure, there are techinal limitations and best practices that are helpful to know. However, I don't know how to run a 4-color Heidelberg press but that does't make me a bad print designer.

    And knowing how to run that press doesn't make the gal at the quick print shop down the street a good designer either.

    Good design is about good thinking.

  24. link to this comment by Jeff Lush Tue Feb 17, 2009

    One of the things that I do think we are missing here is the role of education in web design. We learn basic print design in our undergraduate education, but only few schools, mostly two year programs teach mostly software skills. Since the web has been developed by techies (my father was a technical programmer for the state of WY for over 30 years) the signifying vocabulary can be quite confusing to the novice. What, however, is the right way to teach technology in our classrooms?

    How is research taught? I still look up words when reading Moreen Dowd's editorial in the Times. Language comes alive when used in context. Research makes us communicate better and more efficiently. Mark-up is a language that is being demarcated in favor of in-line design with style sheets. In one sense, the ever changing web is making it easier for us to design. The elements and principles of design will never, ever change. We get too hung-up on technology, what happened to designers that were thinkers and problem solvers.

    My grandfather was a machinist who built valves and fine instruments. He threw his hands up in frustration at the computer. He was astonished by his 70 year old wife who wanted to communicate with her grand children and got an old iMac and taught herself how to email and do research online. I have always loved that intrepid spirit.

  25. link to this comment by John Wed Feb 18, 2009

    Having been to both technology and design conferences, there IS a defining line between the two worlds.

    As a recent graduate of both graphic design and digital media, I've personally made the decision to switch over to the technological side. The language is a bit of a hurdle, but in the long run it will be well worth the study.

    The medium itself is changing, paper billboards are being replaced by digital ones and the newspaper itself will be accessible through download no doubt. The core essense of graphic design should still be tought.

  26. link to this comment by Yervand Thu Feb 19, 2009

    My web page Please viste and leave your comments as it`s my first web page.

  27. link to this comment by Gary H Fri Feb 20, 2009

    Even after years of designing web pages, I still feel like I'm learning something new practically every day. It's an ongoing process of self-education. But that applies to everything in life, including both print and web design.

  28. link to this comment by Web Designer Sat Feb 21, 2009

    The absolute best thing I've done to learn all the graphic design lingo, is working side by side with my designer. In turn my graphic designer learned a lot about web development from me.

    We trade knowledge all the time. It's amazing how quickly and painlessly you learn all of this stuff sitting next to someone who really knows their craft.

    It's time consuming, but not difficult. The key to remember is that you will never master it all. Getting a grip on the basics (CSS, HTML, javascript) is essential, but after that pick the things you enjoy doing and focus on them.

  29. link to this comment by Matthew White Tue Feb 24, 2009

    First: Those who mention to learn HTML, that's all well and good, but don't harp. If you build a website in strictly HTML, your clients are left in the dark when updating their own site. Good luck explaining this after you have delivered the final product. Those days of "call back to update" are over (thanks blogger and facebook).

    Also a note on html: Unless you update it almost daily, indexing on Google and yahoo is tough, as the search engines are looking for not only relevant content but new content.

    A dormant site is a dead site.

    Second: CSS is still king for visuals. Learn the syntax for free at http://www.w3schools.org, and use Wordpress to test your skills http://www.wordpress.org.

    Three: Learn all you can about free software that empower your clients (Wordpress, Drupal, Joomla, CMSMadeSimple, Movable Type). Open Source is the way to go, and your client gets a usable solution.

    Four: Stop whining. If you don't open the code and screw it up, you wont learn too much.

    According to the people at the TED conference, laptops, browsers and typical methods of computing are going away, to be replaced by ubiquitous interfaces for people to access content.

    Now What? Design for touchscreens!?

    What can designers do to keep up?
    1. Watch YouTube for new technology (TED Conference and Consumer Electronics Show)
    2. Learn about OpenSource and the GPL
    3. Google 'design and technology trends'
    4. Just like print design, practice makes perfect.

    Keep at it, keep up with it, watch the trends.

    -Matt

  30. link to this comment by Michael Arnold Mages Sat Mar 28, 2009

    Hi Steven,

    I would second Gunnar's comments that designing for interaction is a different kind of mind set than designing for print, and gaining that mind set is more important than any specific technical knowledge. For instance, take the example of this article: in a print publication a print designer designs the article and the surrounding page, where an interaction designer designs the article, designs the behavior of a software application that shows you the article, designs the visual presentation of the affordances for reader feedback on the article, and designs the way that feedback will appear.

    On the web vs print, when it comes to the ritual of reading print material -- novels, magazines, encyclopedia -- I think that we have a fairly good understanding of the the process and context. With web-propagated content, that understanding and those rituals are still evolving as we get different software tools to view content, and different devices where we experience that content.

    To those advocating that you learn this or that technology -- this is all well and good, and a designer should have an understanding of how that technology works. But the designer no more *needs* to understand HTML, CSS, PHP, Java or MySQL any more than they need to understand how to run a 6 color press with and aqueous coater that can perfect. The important things is to understand are: how a person is going to react to your visual presentation, what affordances to provide, how a person might use those affordances, and what kinds of technologic options are available to you as the designer.

    I made a chart to illustrate this changing skill set -- the chart and skill set are both still evolving.
    http://wiki.asomatic.net/index.php/Skills_for_Designing_in_Different_Media#Key_Differences

    I'll be interested to hear your comments, and more about your ongoing process/progress.

    -Michael

  31. link to this comment by Miami Web Design Wed Jul 22, 2009

    I think it simply boils down to analyzing their portfolio. What's important these days is HTML, CSS, PHP, SQL and Flash.

  32. link to this comment by Pamelascoot Wed Nov 18, 2009

    Dear Steve i m agree with the commenter Christofer . Language is not a big problem in the web design arena . As far from my experience few site with french, dutch, italian language are world famous. Google translator solves the problem for the viewer.The translation sometimes does not reflect the exact meaning but viewer can guess the near meaning of the word which serve the purpose. Last of all i like to thanks your for sharing your views with us.

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